Analisis Dampak Lockdown pada Polutan Udara Utama di Era Pandemi COVID-19: Literature Review

Abstract

Lockdown applied in big cities around the world as an effort to prevent the spreading of COVID-19. Lockdown has shown a major impact on the air quality. The decline of pollution happened because of the reduction of anthropogenic activities, especially in transportation and industry. This research method examines various articles about the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and aims to describe changes in pollutants in the atmosphere. This study used several search engines (Scopus, Science direct, springer, PubMed, and google scholar). The results of the lockdown were proven to reduce the concentration of pollutants PM2.5 (21.8% - 39%), PM10 (22.9% - 75%), NO2 (54.3% - 96%), SO2 (7.6% - 215.5%), CO (35% - 64.8%). The decreasing NO2 concentration causes the O3 concentration to increasing (15% - 525%) in the atmosphere. This is due to the limitation of titration process of O3 by NO especially in the urban areas. Limiting transportation activities and industrial activities can be one of the strategies for controlling COVID-19 and air pollution. The right source of pollution control will improve air quality and improve people's lives.
Keywords: air quality; COVID-19; lockdown; major cities

ABSTRAK

Lockdown diterapkan di kota-kota besar di dunia sebagai upaya pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19. Penguncian telah menunjukkan dampak besar pada kualitas udara. Penurunan pencemaran terjadi karena berkurangnya aktivitas antropogenik, terutama di bidang transportasi dan industri. Metode penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai artikel tentang dampak lockdown COVID-19 terhadap kualitas udara dan bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan polutan di atmosfer. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa mesin pencari (Scopus, Science direct, springer, PubMed, dan google scholar). Hasil lockdown terbukti menurunkan konsentrasi pencemar PM2.5 (21.8% - 39%), PM10 (22.9% - 75%), NO2 (54.3% - 96%), SO2 (7.6% - 215.5%), CO (35% - 64,8%). Penurunan konsentrasi NO2 menyebabkan peningkatan konsentrasi O3 (15% - 525%) di atmosfer. Hal ini dikarenakan keterbatasan proses titrasi O3 oleh NO khususnya di wilayah perkotaan. Pembatasan kegiatan transportasi dan kegiatan industri dapat menjadi salah satu strategi pengendalian COVID-19 dan pencemaran udara. Sumber pengendalian pencemaran yang tepat akan meningkatkan kualitas udara dan meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat.
Kata kunci: kualitas udara; COVID-19; lockdown; kota besar