Hubungan Antara Status Gizi Dan Riwayat Asi Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Balita Usia 12-59 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Taman Kota Madiun

Rezandra Anggita Wigunawanti, Julia Rohmatun Nazila, Milistia Kristi Prastika

Abstract


ABSTRACT

 

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection which is the main cause of death in children worldwide. Madiun City has a high percentage of toddler pneumonia cases in East Java. Where the highest cases were in the Madiun City Park District area, namely 214 cases in 2019. There are several factors that are thought to be related to the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers, one of which is a history of exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status. This study aims to analyze the relationship between history of exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers aged 12-59 months in the work area of the Taman Madiun District Health Center. This research is an analytic observational study using a case control study design. The sample in this study consisted of 48 case samples taken using simple random sampling technique and 48 control samples using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was obtained from patient medical record data at the public health center and interviews with mothers of toddlers. Data were analyzed univariately, bivariate using chi square and multivariate using multiple logistic regression with the help of SPSS. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status (p = 0.000) and a history of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.000) with the incidence of pneumonia in children aged 12-59 months. Meanwhile, the results of the multivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status (p-value = 0.032; OR = 6.129) and a history of exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.000; OR = 10.011) and the incidence of pneumonia in children aged 12-59 months. So it can be concluded that nutritional status and history of exclusive breastfeeding are risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in infants.

Keywords: Pneumonia; Toddler; Nutritional status; Exclusive breastfeeding

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Pneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi pernapasan akut yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada anak-anak di seluruh dunia. Kota Madiun memiliki persentase kasus pneumonia balita yang tinggi di Jawa Timur. Dimana kasus tertinggi berada di wilayah Kecamatan Taman Kota Madiun yaitu sebesar 214 kasus pada tahun 2019. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang diduga berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita, salah satunya yakni riwayat ASI eksklusif dan status gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat ASI eksklusif dan status gizi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita usia 12-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Taman Kota Madiun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan menggunakan desain studi case control. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 48 sampel kasus yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dan 48 sampel kontrol menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data didapatkan dari data rekam medik pasien di Puskesmas dan wawancara kepada ibu balita. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan menggunakan chi square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda dengan bantuan SPSS. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara status gizi (p = 0,000) dan riwayat ASI eksklusif (p = 0,000) dengan kejadian pneumonia balita usia 12-59 bulan. Sedangkan hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara status gizi (p-value = 0,032; OR = 6,129) dan riwayat ASI eksklusif (p-value = 0,000; OR = 10,011) dengan kejadian pneumonia balita usia 12-59 bulan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa status gizi dan riwayat ASI eksklusif merupakan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit pneumonia pada balita.

Kata kunci: Pneumonia; Balita; Status Gizi; ASI Eksklusif


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf.v14i0.3685

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