Efikasi Suplementasi Mikronutrien Selama Kehamilan dalam Pencegahan Kejadian Infeksi

Abstract

During pregnancy, nutritional fulfillment plays a very important role. Micronutrients play an important role in maintaining the immune system and influencing the incidence of infection. Pregnant women are more susceptible to infection because hormonal changes during pregnancy can affect the immune system and make it more susceptible to pathogen attacks. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aimed of determining the efficacy of supplementation on the incidence of urinary tract infections during pregnancy. This study was a descriptive study. Samples were obtained using purposive sampling techniques from January to May 2024. Nutrient consumption was measured by filling out a questionnaire guided by health workers. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, referring to the UNIMMAP (United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation) formulation consisting of 15 essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, zinc, iron, selenium, copper, and iodine. The results showed that only 10% of pregnant women received 15 types of micronutrients according to the UNIMMAP formulation, the other 90% still received supplements, although not as many as 15 types. It could be concluded that the majority of pregnant women receive supplements that do not meet 15 types of micronutrients.

Keywords: pregnancy; micronutrients; supplements

ABSTRAK

Selama kehamilan, pemenuhan nutrisi memegang peranan yang sangat penting. Mikronutrien memiliki peran yang penting dalam menjaga sistem kekebalan tubuh dan mempengaruhi kejadian infeksi. Wanita hamil lebih rentan terhadap infeksi karena perubahan hormon selama kehamilan dapat mempengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh serta membuatnya lebih rentan terhadap serangan patogen. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi suplementasi terhadap kejadian infeksi saluran kemih selama kehamilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Sampel diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2024. Konsumsi nutrien diukur melalui pengisian kuesioner yang dipandu oleh tenaga kesehatan. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis dengan statistika deskriptif, yang mengacu kepada formulasi UNIMMAP (United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation) yang terdiri atas 15 vitamin dan mineral esensial, termasuk vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B kompleks, vitamin C, zinc, zat besi, selenium, copper, dan iodine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya 10% wanita hamil yang mendapatkan 15 jenis mikronutrien sesuai dengan formulasi UNIMMAP, 90% lainnya tetap mendapatkan suplemen, meskipun tidak sebanyak 15 jenis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mayoritas wanita hamil mendapatkan suplementasi yang belum memenuhi 15 jenis mikronutrien.

Kata kunci: kehamilan; mikronutrien; suplemen