Efektifitas Cognitive Behavior Therapy dalam Menurunkan Gejala Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Pasca Bencana: A Systematic Review

Supia Ningsih Juita Sari, Shrimarti Rukmini Devy, Hanik Endang Nihayati

Abstract


Background: The psychological impact that is often found in people affected by natural disasters is post-traumatic stress disorder. Traumatic events after an earthquake can cause psychological disorders, but psychological disorders can be minimized by changing cognitive patterns, behaviors that are based on a deep understanding of the problems experienced by patients. One of the most effective psychotherapy to overcome post-earthquake trauma is Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Objective: To determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy in reducing post-disaster stress. Methods: This systematic review was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). The database used were Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed and, ScienceDirect, limited to the last 5 years of publication from 2016 to 2020, full-text article, in English. The keywords used in the article search were "cognitive behavior therapy" AND "disaster" "PTSD". This systematic review used 10 articles that fit the inclusion criteria. Results: Cognitive behavioral therapy interventions from studies reviewed were very significant in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: Nursing interventions packaged in various programs have been shown to significantly reduce post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Keywords: cognitive behavior therapy; disaster; post traumatic stress disorder

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Dampak psikologis yang sering ditemui pada masyarakat korban bencana alam adalah post traumatic stress disorder. Peristiwa traumatik pasca gempa dapat menimbulkan gangguan psikologis, namun gangguan psikologis dapat diminimalisir dengan merubah pola kognitif, perilaku yang didasari pemahaman mendalam mengenai masalah yang dialami oleh pasien. Salah satu psikoterapi yang efektif mengatasi trauma pasca gempa adalah cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektifitas cognitive behavior therapy dalam mengurangi stress pasca bencana Metode: Systematic review ini disusun berdasarkan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Database yang digunakan adalah Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed dan ScienceDirect terbatas untuk publikasi 5 tahun terakhir dari 2016 hingga 2020, full text article dan dalam bahasa Inggris. Kata kunci yang digunakan pada pencarian artikel adalah “cognitive behavior therapy” AND “disaster” “PTSD”. Systematic review ini menggunakan 10 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi Hasil: Intervensi cognitive behavior therapy dari penelitian yang direview sangat singnifikan dalam menurunkan gejala post traumatic stress disorder. Kesimpulan: Intervensi keperawatan yang dikemas dalam berbagai program terbukti dapat menurunkan gejala post traumatic stress disorder secara signifikan. Rekomendasi: Penelitian selanjutnya adalah menemukan dan menjabarkan penelitian yang dapat mengatasi PTSD dengan berbagai macam tehnik dalam CBT
Kata kunci: cognitive behavior therapy; bencana alam; post traumatic stress disorder

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf12222

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