Support Tipe Keluarga Terhadap Kegagalan Cakupan ASI Eksklusif

Abstract

Research on exclusive breastfeeding coverage is often associated with direct variables such as; husband's support, information support, promotion, mother's knowledge, mother's job, socio-cultural, attitude and behavior of health workers. This study focuses on family type support as an indirect factor that affects the failure of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Sine Health Center, Ngawi. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nuclear family and extended family support on exclusive breastfeeding. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 31 mothers who had babies aged one month. The method of data collection was using guided interviews, which contained 28 questions. The data analysis technique was the proportion and prevalensice ratio, while the proof of the hypothesis was done by using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the most education was basic education, the most occupations were housewives, and the highest income was Rp. 1,500,000 to Rp. 2,500,000. Negative family support was more often received by breastfeeding mothers from extended family types. Negative family support had an effect on the failure of exclusive breastfeeding by 64.3%. Positive family support but the effect of exclusive breastfeeding failure was 23.5%. Negative family support was a risk factor for failure in exclusive breastfeeding with a prevalensice ratio of 2.73. The results of the Chi-Square test showed p = 0.022, meaning that there was a relationship between family support and exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of birth (0-1 month). It was concluded that negative family support regarding exclusive breastfeeding had an impact on the failure of the exclusive breastfeeding program. Negative family support is played predominantly by grandmother's decisions. The existence of breastfeeding mothers in the extended family type is at risk of experiencing failure in exclusive breastfeeding due to the grandmother's dominance factor. Information support and continuous health education are needed for grandmothers, husbands and other family members about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months through various media.

Keywords: family support; family type; exclusive breastfeeding

ABSTRAK

Penelitian tentang cakupan ASI eksklusif sering dikaitkan dengan variabel langsung seperti; dukungan suami, dukungan informasi, promosi, pengetahuan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, sosial budaya, sikap dan perilaku petugas kesehatan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada support tipe keluarga sebagai faktor tidak langsung yang mempengaruhi kegagalan ASI eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sine, Ngawi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh support keluarga tipe nuclear family dan extended family terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 31 ibu yang memiliki bayi usia satu bulan. Metode pengumpulan data adalah menggunakan wawancara terbimbing, yang berisi 28 pertanyaan. Teknik analisis data adalah proporsi dan rasio prevalensisi, sedangkan pembuktian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pendikan terbanyak adalah pendidikan dasar, pekerjaan terbanyak adalah ibu rumah tangga, penghasilan terbanyak adalah Rp 1.500.000 sampai Rp 2.500.000. Support keluarga negatif lebih sering diterima oleh ibu menyusui dari tipe keluarga extended family. Support keluarga negatif memberikan pengaruh terhadap kegagalan pemberian ASI eksklusif sebesar 64,3%. Support keluarga positif tetapi memberikan efek kegagalan ASI eksklusif sebesar 23,5%. Support keluarga negatif merupakan faktor resiko penyebab kegagalan dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan besar rasio prevalensisi = 2,73. Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan p = 0,022, artinya terdapat hubungan antara support keluarga dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bulan pertama kelahiran (0-1 bulan). Disimpulkan bahwa support keluarga negatif tentang ASI eksklusif berdampak pada kegagalan program pemberian ASI eksklusif. Support keluarga negatif diperankan secara dominan oleh keputusan nenek. Keberadaan ibu menyusui di tipe keluarga extended family beresiko mengalami kegagalan dalam pemberian ASI secara eksklusif dari faktor dominasi nenek. Diperlukan dukungan informasi dan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan terus menerus kepada nenek, suami dan anggota keluarga lainnya tentang pentingnya ASI eksklusif pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan melalui berbagai media.

Kata kunci: support keluarga; tipe keluarga; ASI eksklusif