Dampak Intervensi Pendidikan Gizi Seimbang Terhadap Status Anemia Remaja Puteri (Studi Kohort) di SMAN Kabupaten Maros

Abstract

Objective: Nutritional problems that occur in adolescents are a continuation of nutritional problems at a young age, namely iron deficiency anemia and underweight and overweight. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the impact of a balanced nutrition education intervention on anemia status (based on hemoglobin, Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC levels) in female adolescents at SMA N Kab. Maros. Methods: The design of this study was a pre-post intervention study (cohort study, subjects studied experimentally by Sitti Patimah in 2015). The sample in this study were 171 young girls in class XII at Lima SMAN Maros Regency. This research was conducted on September 24 – October 24 2016. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Results There was no impact of providing balanced nutrition education on female adolescent blood hemoglobin levels (p=0.741>0.05). There is an impact of providing balanced nutrition education on the blood hematocrit level of female adolescents (p=0.000 <0.05). There was an impact of providing balanced nutrition education on blood MCV levels of female adolescents (p=0.000 <0.05). There was no impact of providing balanced nutrition education on female adolescents' blood MCH levels (p=0.886 > 0.05). There is an impact of providing balanced nutrition education on MCHC blood levels of female adolescents (p=0.000 <0.05). Conclusion: From the results of the study, there is anemia of deficiency of vitamins, proteins, iron, therefore students should consume nutritious food (adequate consumption of energy, protein, vitamins C and Fe) by consuming a variety of foods in the daily menu.

Keywords: anemia; balanced nutrition; girl adolescent

ABSTRAK

Objective: Masalah gizi yang terjadi pada remaja merupakan kelanjutan dari masalah gizi pada usia anak yaitu anemia defisiensi besi serta kekurangan dan kelebihan berat badan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan bertujuan untuk menegetahui dampak intervensi pendidikan gizi seimbang terhadap status anemia (berdasarkan kadar hemoglobin, Hematokrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC) pada remaja puteri di SMA N Kab. Maros. Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah pre-post intervension study (study kohort, subyek yang diteliti secara eksperimen oleh Sitti Patimah pada tahun 2015). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja puteri kelas XII di Lima SMAN Kabupaten Maros sebanyak 171 remaja puteri. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24 September – 24 Oktober 2016. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon signed Rank test. Hasil : Hasil Tidak ada dampak pemberian pendidikan gizi seimbang terhadap kadar hemoglobin darah remaja puteri (p=0,741>0,05). Ada dampak pemberian pendidikan gizi seimbang terhadap kadar hematokrit darah remaja puteri (p=0,000 < 0,05). Ada dampak pemberian pendidikan gizi seimbang terhadap kadar MCV darah remaja puteri (p=0,000 < 0,05).Tidak ada dampak pemberian pendidikan gizi seimbang terhadap kadar MCH darah remaja puteri (p=0,886 > 0,05). Ada dampak pemberian pendidikan gizi seimbang terhadap kadar MCHC darah remaja puteri (p=0,000 < 0,05).  Kesimpulan : Dari hasil penelitian, terjadi anemia defisiensi Vitamin, protein, zat besi, maka dari itu sebaiknya Siswi mengkonsumsi makanan bergizi (konsumsi energi, protein, vitamin C dan Fe tercukupi) dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang beragam dalam menu sehari.

Kata kunci: anemia; gizi seimbang; remaja puteri