Kelengkapan Imunisasi Dasar dan Respon Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi pada Anak Sekolah

Abstract

Immunization is an effort to increase a person's immunity against various infectious diseases, but it can have a negative impact on the immune response after immunization which is called a post-immunization adverse event. This research aimed to determine the relationship between completeness of basic immunization and response to adverse events after immunization among SDIT Kalibaru Kulon students. The research design used in this study was cross-sectional. The research involved 250 children at SDIT Kalibaru Kulon. Data was collected through filling out a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results of the analysis showed that the majority of children had received complete basic immunization, and the majority of children experience side events after immunization in the mild category, including pain in the arm from the injection, headache or muscle ache, joint pain, chills, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and fever. Furthermore, the results of hypothesis testing showed the p value was 0.008. Furthermore, it was concluded that there was a relationship between the completeness of basic immunization and the response to adverse events after immunization.

Keywords: school children; immunization; adverse events after immunization

ABSTRAK

Imunisasi merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh seseorang terhadap berbagai penyakit menular, namun bisa berdampak negatif terhadap respon imunitas setelah imunisasi yang disebut kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui antara hubungan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar dengan respon kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi pada siswa SDIT Kalibaru Kulon. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah cross-sectional. Penelitian melibatkan 250 anak di SDIT Kalibaru Kulon. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anak telah mendapat imunisasi dasar secara lengkap, dan sebagian besar anak mengalami kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi dalam kategori ringan antara lain nyeri pada lengan bekas suntikan, sakit kepala atau nyeri otot, nyeri sendi, menggigil, mual, muntah, kelelahan, dan demam. Selanjutnya hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan nilai p adalah 0,008. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara kelengkapan imunisasi dasar dengan respon kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi.

Kata kunci: anak sekolah; imunisasi; kejadian ikutan pasca imunisasi