Program 1000 HPK dan Kejadian Stunting Berbasis Register Kohort Ibu Hamil

Abstract

The First 1,000 Days of Life program is the government's primary strategy to accelerate stunting reduction through maternal nutritional needs, prevention of pregnancy complications, monitoring child growth, and public nutrition education. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the implementation of the First 1,000 Days of Life program and stunting incidence based on a cohort register of pregnant women. The study design was cross-sectional. The sample size was 480 mothers with children aged 24 months and older, selected using a total sampling technique. Secondary data were collected retrospectively and analyzed using regression tests. The analysis results show that the p-value for each factor is maternal age during pregnancy <0.001, maternal nutritional status <0.001, iron supplement consumption <0.001, ANC visits <0.001, pregnancy complications <0.001, birth weight <0.001, birth length = 0.003, exclusive breastfeeding = 0.004, history of infectious diseases <0.001, access to basic sanitation <0.001, complete basic immunization = 0.715, access to clean water = 0.210, and smoking habits in the home = 0.252. It is further concluded that maternal, neonatal, and environmental factors play an important role in preventing stunting, so integrated health interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence of stunting.

Keywords: stunting; first day of life; maternal cohort register; neonatal; environment

ABSTRAK

Program 1.000 hari pertama kehidupan menjadi strategi utama pemerintah dalam percepatan penurunan stunting melalui pemenuhan gizi ibu, pencegahan komplikasi kehamilan, pemantauan pertumbuhan anak, dan edukasi gizi masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara pelaksanaan program 1000 hari pertama kehidupan dengan kejadian stunting berbasis register kohort ibu hamil. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Ukuran sampel adalah 480 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 24 bulan, yang dipilih dengan teknik total sampling. Data sekunder diambil secara retrospektif, lalu dianalisis dengan uji regresi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai p untuk masing-masing faktor adalah usia ibu saat hamil <0,001, status gizi ibu hamil <0,001, ‎konsumsi tablet tambah darah <0,001, kunjungan ‎ANC <0,001, komplikasi kehamilan <0,001, ‎berat badan lahir <0,001, panjang badan lahir = 0,003, ASI eksklusif = 0,004, ‎riwayat penyakit infeksi <0,001, akses sanitasi ‎dasar <0,001, imunisasi dasar lengkap = 0,715, ‎akses air bersih = 0,210, dan kebiasaan merokok dalam ‎rumah = 0,252. ‎Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa faktor maternal, neonatal, dan lingkungan berperan penting dalam pencegahan ‎stunting, sehingga diperlukan intervensi kesehatan yang terintegrasi untuk menekan ‎prevalensi stunting.

Kata kunci: stunting; hari pertama kehidupan; register kohort ibu hamil; maternal; neonatal; lingkungan