Keunggulan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kipahit dengan Metode Maserasi terhadap Bakteri Vibrio cholerae

Abstract

Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which can cause dehydration due to acute diarrhea that can be fatal. The use of antibiotics has the potential to cause resistance and has side effects. The kipahit plant (Tithonia diversifolia) can be a potential traditional medicine. Kipahit leaves contain tannins, glycosides, triterpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity of kipahit leaf extract against Vibrio cholerae bacteria, by comparing the infusion and maceration extraction methods. This study was conducted using a true experimental design. Testing the antibacterial activity of kipahit leaf extract against Vibrio cholerae bacteria was carried out using the disc diffusion method, with a comparison between the infusion and maceration extraction methods. The measurement data were analyzed quantitatively by applying the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The results of the analysis showed that there was antibacterial activity of kipahit leaf extract against the growth of Vibrio cholerae bacteria. The maceration extraction method at 30% and 50% concentrations showed inhibition zones, while the infusion extraction method at 30% and 50% concentrations showed no inhibition zones against Vibrio cholerae. In conclusion, the maceration extraction method showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae.

Keywords: Vibrio cholerae; kipahit leaf extract; maceration; antibacterial activity

ABSTRAK

Kolera merupakan suatu infeksi usus oleh bakteri Vibrio cholerae, yang dapat menimbulkan dehidrasi akibat diare akut yang berisiko kematian. Penggunaan antibiotik berpotensi menyebabkan resistensi dan memiliki efek samping. Tanaman kipahit (Tithonia diversifolia) dapat berpotensi sebagai obat tradisional. Daun kipahit mengandung senyawa tannin, glikosida, triterpenoid, fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, dan alkaloid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kipahit terhadap bakteri Vibrio cholerae, dengan membandingkan metode ekstraksi infusa dan maserasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan true experimental design. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kipahit terhadap bakteri Vibrio cholerae dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram, dengan perbandingan antara metode ekstraksi infusa dan maserasi. Data hasil pengukuran dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan penerapan uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kipahit terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio cholerae. Metode ekstraksi maserasi konsentrasi 30% dan 50% dapat menunjukkan zona hambat sedangkan melalui metode ekstraksi infusa konstraksi 30% dan 50% ekstrak daun kipahit tidak menunjukkan zona hambat terhadap Vibrio cholerae. Sebagai kesimpulan, melalui metode ekstraksi maserasi, ekstrak daun kipahit dapat menampilkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio cholerae.

Kata kunci: Vibrio cholerae; ekstrak daun kipahit; maserasi; aktivitas antibakteri