The Role of Social and Spiritual Support in Coping with Challenges During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an essential therapeutic option for hematological malignancies; however, its implementation remains relatively limited in Indonesia, and patients’ experiential perspectives are not well documented. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of individuals undergoing HSCT to better understand the physical, social, and spiritual dimensions of the transplantation process. A qualitative research design employing an interpretative phenomenological approach was used. Semi‑structured, in‑depth interviews were conducted with six patients who had undergone either autologous or allogeneic HSCT at Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta. Data were analyzed using a six‑stage thematic analytical framework. Three overarching themes emerged from the analysis: (1) The physical journey during and after stem cell transplantation, encompassing treatment‑related symptoms, adverse effects, and post‑transplantation physical adaptation; (2) The importance of social support and spirituality, reflecting the role of family, healthcare professionals, peer encouragement, and spiritual surrender in coping with treatment challenges; and (3) Preparation and obstacles during transplantation, including medical readiness, financial and logistical barriers, and limited access to information. These findings provide nuanced insights into patients’ experiences across the HSCT continuum and highlight the need for holistic, patient‑centered care. In conclusion, the study underscores the significance of integrating physical, social, and spiritual support into HSCT care pathways. The results may inform nursing practice by guiding the development of knowledge, skills, and interventions that enhance patient support during pre‑transplantation, transplantation, and post‑transplantation phases.
Keywords: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; patient experiences; social support; spirituality; interpretative phenomenology