Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Stigma Masyarakat terhadap Perawat Covid-19 di Kota Ambon berdasarkan Teori Health Belief Model (HBM)

La Rakhmat Wabula, Endah Fitriasari

Abstract


Stigma and discrimination as well as changes in people's lifestyles have been the most felt impact since Covid- 19 became a pandemic that attacked various countries. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the most frequently used theories in understanding health and disease behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to community stigma against COVID-19 nurses in Ambon City based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) theory. The design of this research is descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional research approach. This study uses a questionnaire instrument as a measuring tool developed by researchers based on the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model, namely measuring perceptions of vulnerability, seriousness, benefits, obstacles, beliefs, threats and questionnaires about community stigma.The population in this study is the community in Batu Merah Village, Ambon City, with a sample of 55 respondents based on the calculation of the sample calculation formula for the Ordinal-Ordinal Correlative Descriptive research. This research has received ethical approval from the Health Research Ethics Committee of STIKes Maluku Husada with No. RK.018/KEPK/STIK/VIII/2021. The results of the analysis show that knowledge does not have a significant effect on confidence (vulnerability (0.178), seriousness (0.160), advantage (0.055), barriers(0.610),self- confidence (0.199);threat does not have a significant effect on stigma as indicated by a p value of 0.417.

Keywords: covid-19; stigma; health belief model

ABSTRAK

Stigma dan diskriminasi serta perubahan pola hidup masyarakat menjadi dampak yang paling dirasakan sejak Covid19 menjadi pandemic yang menyerang diberbagai Negara. Health Belief Model (HBM) menjadi salah satu teori yang paling sering digunakan dalam memahami perilaku kesehatan dan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan stigma masyarakat terhadap perawat covid-19 di Kota Ambon berdasarkan teori Health Belief Model (HBM). Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrument kuesioner sebagai alat ukur yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti berdasarkan kerangka kerja teori Health Belief Model yakni mengukur persepsi kerentanan, keseriusan, keuntungan, hambatan, kepercayaan, ancaman dan kuesioner tentang stigma masyarakat. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Desa Batu Merah Kota Ambon, dengan sampelsebanyak 55 responden berdasarkan perhitungan sampel perhitungan rumus besar sampel untuk penelitian Deskriptif Korelatif Ordinal- Ordinal. Penelitian ini telah mendapatkan persetujuan etik dari Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan STIKes Maluku Husada dengan No. RK.018/KEPK/STIK/VIII/2021. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keyakinan (kerentanan (0,178), keseriusan (0,160), keuntungan (0,055), hambatan (0,610), kepercayaan diri (0,199)); ancaman tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap stigmaditunjukkan dengan nilai p 0,417.

Kata kunci: covid-19; stigma; health belief model


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf12nk342

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