Status Entomologi di Daerah Endemis, Sporadis dan Non Endemis Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Ambon

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is still a public health problem, including in Ambon City. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector, while the Aedes albopictus mosquito is the secondary vector. The increase in cases is influenced by several factors, one of which is vector density, which can be identified by measuring the HI (House index), CI (Container index) and BI (Breateu index) values. Entomological surveys need to be carried out as a first step to determine appropriate preventive measures such as eradication of Aedes spp mosquitoes and their habitat. The purpose of this study was to determine the entomological status of HI, CI and BI in endemic, sporadic and non-endemic areas in Ambon City. This research was descriptive research. The larvae survey used a visual method based on WHO entomological survey guidelines for dengue hemorrhagic fever. The survey was carried out in 3 locations, namely in the working areas of the Waihoka, Lateri and Hative Health Centers. Total houses surveyed were 60 locations. The results showed that the Work Area of the Waihoka Community Health Center had HI (30), CI (18.06) and BI (130); the work area of the Lateri Health Center has HI (25), CI (6.02), and BI (50); and the working area of the Hative Health Center has HI values (25), CI (5.76), and BI (40). It was concluded that the highest HI, CI and BI values were found in the Work Area of the Waihoka Health Center.

Keywords: dengue hemorrhagic fever; entomological status; Aedes aegypti

ABSTRAK

Demam berdarah dengue sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di masyarakat, termasuk di Kota Ambon. Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor primer, sedangkan nyamuk Aedes albopictus merupakan vektor sekunder. Peningkatan kasus dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah kepadatan vektor, yang dapat diketahui melalui pengukuran nilai HI (House index), CI (Kontainer index), dan BI (Breateu index). Survei entomologi perlu dilakukan sebagai langkah awal untuk menentukan tindakan pencegahan yang tepat seperti pemberatasan nyamuk Aedes spp dan habitatnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui status entomologi HI, CI, dan BI di daerah endemis, sporadis, dan non-endemis di Kota Ambon. Penelitian ini adalaah penelitian deskriptif. Pelaksanaan survei jentik menggunakan metode visual berdasarkan pedoman survei entomologi demam berdarah dengue menurut WHO. Pelaksanaan survei dilakukan di 3 lokasi, yaitu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Waihoka, Lateri, dan Hative. Total rumah yang disurvei sebanyak 60 lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Waihoka memiliki nilai HI (30), CI (18,06) dan BI (130); wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lateri memiliki nilai HI (25), CI (6,02), dan BI (50); dan wilayah kerja Puskesmas Hative memiliki nilai HI (25), CI (5,76), dan BI (40). Disimpulkan bahwa nilai HI, CI, dan BI yang paling tinggi terdapat di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Waihoka.

Kata kunci: demam berdarah dengue; status entomologi; Aedes aegypti