Jarak Aman Terhadap Paparan Radiasi Pesawat Sinar-X Portable Tanpa Perisai

Abstract

Portable X-ray machines are one of the technologies that can produce real-time radiographic images on site, so they are considered effective for emergency examinations. In addition to its advantages, portable X-ray machines can cause adverse effects on the exposed human body, therefore radiation protection is needed. Emergency situations that do not allow officers to carry shields require radiation workers to calculate a safe distance to carry out exposure, so that the radiation received by workers and the public is considered safe enough. The purpose of this study was to determine the safe distance for radiation workers and the public from radiation exposure when conducting emergency examinations without shields. This study was a descriptive quantitative study by measuring radiation exposure in the auditorium environment of building B, Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Measurements were taken on all four sides of the machine with a distance from the radiation source at each point of 1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the calculation of radiation exposure in the auditorium of the Siti Bariyah building, Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta showed that the radiation dose for radiation workers had met the safe limit, but the radiation dose for the community had not met the safe limit set by BAPETEN Regulation Number 5 of 2016. Furthermore, it was concluded that the application of portable X-rays is safe up to a distance of 1 meter for radiation workers but not yet safe for the community.

Keywords: portable X-ray; safe distance; radiation workers; community

ABSTRAK

Pesawat sinar-X portable merupakan salah satu teknologi yang mampu menghasilkan citra radiograf secara real-time di lokasi, sehingga dinilai efektif untuk pemeriksaan dalam keadaan gawat darurat. Di samping kelebihannya, pesawat sinar-X portable dapat menimbulkan efek merugikan pada tubuh manusia yang terpapar, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan proteksi radiasi. Keadaan gawat darurat yang tidak memungkinkan petugas membawa perisai membuat pekerja radiasi harus memperhitungkan jarak aman untuk melakukan eksposi, sehingga radiasi yang diterima pekerja dan masyarakat dinilai cukup aman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jarak aman bagi pekerja radiasi dan masyarakat terhadap paparan radiasi pada saat melakukan pemeriksaan keadaan gawat darurat tanpa perisai. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan pengukuran paparan radiasi pada lingkungan auditorium gedung B Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Pengukuran dilakukan pada keempat sisi pesawat dengan jarak dari sumber radiasi pada masing-masing titik yaitu 1 meter, 2 meter dan 3 meter. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil perhitungan paparan radiasi di auditorium gedung Siti Bariyah Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa dosis radiasi bagi pekerja radiasi telah memenuhi batas aman, namun dosis radiasi bagi masyarakat belum memenuhi batas aman yang telah ditetapkan Perka BAPETEN Nomor 5 Tahun 2016. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi sinar-X portable adalah aman hingga jarak 1 meter bagi pekerja radiasi tetapi belum aman bagi masyarakat.

Kata kunci: X-ray portable; jarak aman; pekerja radiasi; masyarakat