Pengaruh Rehabilitasi Berbasis Virtual Reality dalam Menurunkan Intensitas Nyeri pada Pasien Pasca Bedah Ortopedi: Systematic Review

Suharyono Suharyono, Yulis Setiya Dewi, Ika Nur Pratiwi

Abstract


Virtual Reality (RV) is a promising interactive technology in nursing actions that can assist in non-pharmacological pain management, improve rehabilitation, motivate, optimize functional outcomes, and increase clinical benefits after orthopedic surgery. The aim of this review is to systematically and critically review and evaluate controlled clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in reducing pain intensity of post-orthopedic patients. The five electronic databases used are Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The study quality assessment used a protocol from The Joanna Briggs Institute and is presented via a PRISMA diagram. 13 studies have been identified including inclusion criteria involving adult patients after orthopedic surgery, discussing VR-based rehabilitation, and post orthopedic pain management, studies using Randomized Controlled or Clinical Trials (RCTs) and Quasi-experimental methods published in 2016-2021. The search results found 12,346 articles, but only 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. VR-based interventions were administered during the treatment period ranging from 3 to 4 days post orthopedic surgery. Each patient will receive 30-60 minutes/day until discharge from the hospital for a minimum of 10 days and a maximum of 4 weeks. The primary outcome of this review was the effectiveness of VR, which was clinically assessed or self-reported, while the secondary outcomes were participant satisfaction, comfort, and compliance. This systematic review concluded that VR-based rehabilitation interventions are not only promising in terms of non-pharmacological pain management, but can improve ROM, balance, muscle strength and function, and gait that can improve during active VR.

Keywords: virtual reality; rehabilitation; pain; orthopedic surgery

ABSTRAK

Virtual Reality (RV) merupakan teknologi interaktif yang menjanjikan dalam tindakan keperawatan yang dapat membantu dalam manajemen nyeri non farmakologi, meningkatkan rehabilitasi, memotivasi, mengoptimalkan hasil fungsional, dan meningkatkan manfaat klinis pasca operasi ortopedi. Tujuan dari tinjauan ini untuk meninjau dan menilai secara sistematis dan kritis uji klinis terkontrol yang menyelidiki keefektifan rehabilitasi berbasis virtual reality dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri pasien pasca bedah ortopedi. Lima database elektronik yang digunakan yaitu Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar. Penilaian kualitas studi menggunakan protokol dari The Joanna Briggs Institute dan disajikan melalui diagram PRISMA. 13 studi telah dilakukan identifikasi termasuk kriteria inklusi yang melibatkan pasien dewasa pasca bedah ortopedi, membahas rehabilitasi berbasis VR, dan manajemen nyeri pasca operasi ortopedi, studi menggunakan Randomized Controlled or Clinical Trials (RCTs) dan metode Quasi-eksperimental yang diterbitkan dalam tahun 2016-2021. Hasil pencarian didapatkan 12.346 artikel, namun hanya 13 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Intervensi berbasis VR diberikan selama masa perawatan berkisar antara 3 hingga 4 hari pasca bedah ortopedi. Setiap pasien akan menerima 30-60 menit/hari hingga keluar dari rumah sakit minimal selama 10 hari dan maksimal 4 minggu. Hasil utama dari tinjauan ini adalah keefektifan VR, yang dinilai secara klinis atau dilaporkan secara mandiri, sedangkan hasil sekunder adalah kepuasan, kenyamanan, dan kepatuhan peserta. Tinjauan sistematis ini menyimpulkan bahwa intervensi rehabilitasi berbasis VR tidak hanya menjanjikan dalam hal manajemen nyeri secara non farmakologi, namun dapat meningkatkan ROM, keseimbangan, kekuatan dan fungsi otot, serta gaya berjalan yang dapat meningkat selama melakukan VR secara aktif.

Kata kunci: virtual reality; rehabilitasi; nyeri; bedah ortopedi


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf12405

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