Pengaruh Diabetes Self Management Education and Support (DSME-S) Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Penderita Diebetes Mellitus Tipe II pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Piru

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged institutional and independent diabetes management. The ongoing lockdown has a negative impact on access to self care for people with diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic disease that requires serious treatment involving the patient and family in self-care management, one of which is through the Diabetes Self Management Education and Support (DSME-S) approach. This study aims to analyze the effect of DSME-S on the quality of life of patients with type II DM in the Piru Health Center Work Area. The design of this research was pre and post test with control group. The sample size was 30 people who were divided into 2 groups, namely 15 people in the intervention group and 15 people in the control group. DSME-S consisted of 6 sessions. Sessions 1 to 4 were held at the village hall and sessions 5 to 6 were held at the patient's home. Data were analyzed using t test. The results of the paired sample t-test showed that there was a difference in the quality of life between the pre-test and post-test, both in the treatment group (p = 0.001) and the control group (p = 0.002). The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group (p=0.001). The improvement in quality of life in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group. Furthermore, it was concluded that DSME-S affects the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes.

Keywords: Type II diabetes mellitus; quality of life; diabetes self management education and support (DSME-S)

ABSTRAK

Pandemi COVID-19 telah menantang manajemen diabetes secara institusional dan mandiri. Lockdown yang berlangsung berdampak negatif pada akses self care penderita diabetes mellitus (DM), suatu penyakit kronik yang memerlukan penanganan serius yang melibatkan penderita dan keluarga dalam penatalaksanaan perawatan mandiri, salah satunya melalui pendekatan Diabetes Self Management Education and Support (DSME-S). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh DSME-S terhadap kualitas hidup penderita DM tipe II di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Piru. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre and post test with control group. Ukuran sampel adalah 30 orang yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 15 orang pada kelompok intervensi dan 15 orang pada kelompok kontrol. DSME-S terdiri atas 6 sesi. Sesi 1 sampai 4 dilakukan di balai desa dan sesi 5 sampai 6 dilakukan di rumah penderita. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Hasil paired sample t-test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kualitas hidup antara pre-test dan post-test, baik pada kelompok perlakuan (p = 0,001) maupun kelompok kontrol (p = 0,002). Hasil uji independent sample t-test menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p=0,001). Peningkatan kualitas hidup pada kelompok perlakuan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa DSME-S berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup penderita DM tipe II.

Kata kunci: diabetes mellitus Tipe II; kualitas hidup; diabetes self management education and support (DSME-S)