Kombinasi Elektroterapi dan Myofascial Release Technique Menurunkan Nyeri Spasme Otot pada Low Back Pain

Abstract

Low Back Pain is a musculoskeletal condition that is detrimental to sufferers. Physiotherapeutic management of low back pain can be in the form of electrotherapy, namely: infrared (IR) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Manual therapy techniques include myofascial release technique (MFRT). This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of the three physiotherapy interventions. The design of this study was one group pretest-posttest with a population of 30 people visiting the Physiotherapy Installation of Prof. HM Anwar Makkatutu Hospital, Bantaeng Regency during November 2020. The sample was chosen randomly and met the exclusion and inclusion criteria, so a sample size was obtained, namely 15 people. The frequency of physiotherapy interventions was 3 times a week with a duration of: both IR and TENS for 10-15 minutes, while MFRT was for 5 minutes with 4-5 sets of exercises. Pain levels were measured using the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), and differences in pain levels between before and after the intervention were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Before the intervention, the median value was 6.00, while after the intervention the median was 4.00. The p-value of the analysis of differences was 0.001. Furthermore, it was concluded that the combination of electrotherapy and myofascial release technique can significantly reduce muscle spasm pain in low back pain.

Keywords: infrared; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); low back pain

ABSTRAK

Low Back Pain merupakan kondisi muskuloskeletal yang merugikan penderita. Penatalaksanaan fisioterapi pada kondisi low back pain dapat berupa pemberian elektroterapi, yakni: infrared (IR) dan transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Teknik terapi manual meliputi myofascial release technique (MFRT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi ketiga intervensi fisioterapi tersebut. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah one group pretest-posttest dengan populasi 30 orang kunjungan di Instalasi Fisioterapi RSUD Prof. HM Anwar Makkatutu, Kabupaten Bantaeng selama bulan November 2020. Sampel dipilih secara acak dan memenuhi kriteri ekslusi dan inklusi maka diperoleh ukuran sampel yaitu 15 orang. Frekuensi intervensi fisioterapi adalah 3 kali seminggu dengan durasi yaitu: baik IR dan TENS selama 10-15 menit, sedangkan MFRT selama 5 menit dengan 4-5 set latihan. Tingkat nyeri diukur menggunakan numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), dan pebedaan tingkat nyeri antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Sebelum intervensi, nilai median adalah 6,00, sedangkan setelah intervensi median adalah 4,00. Nilai p dari analisis perbedaan adalah 0,001. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi elektroterapi dan myofascial release technique secara signifikan dapat menurunkan nyeri spasme otot pada low back pain.

Kata kunci: infrared; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); low back pain