Analisis Biaya Medik Langsung dan Utilitas Pasien Asma Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Agoesdjam Hospital Ketapang
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease that imposes a heavy burden on patients, is responsible for high costs in health care and can reduce quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the direct medical costs of outpatient asthma patients at RSUD Dr. Agoesdjam Ketapang and what cost components are dominant, utility value, as well as factors that can influence utility value and direct medical costs for asthma patients. This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out concurrently and retrospectively. The materials used were medical records, a list of financial and pharmaceutical costs to see direct medical costs, the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire used to see the utility value of asthma patients, and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire. The research subjects consisted of 80 patients. Data processing includes patient demographic data, ACT scores, comorbidities, therapy patterns, direct medical costs and utilities which are analyzed using non-parametric tests. The results of the study showed that the direct medical costs for outpatient asthma patients were IDR. 19,493,603.00 with the average direct medical costs for asthma patients being IDR 243,670.00. The highest cost component was pharmaceutical costs Rp. 16,493,603.00 (84.61%). The average utility value was 0.65, while the significant p values for each factor were gender = 0.028, education = 0.010, level of asthma control based on ACT score = 0.000 and therapy pattern = 0.000. It was concluded that factors influencing patient utility were gender, education and level of asthma control; while the factor for medical costs is the therapy pattern.
Keywords: direct medical costs; asthma; utility
ABSTRAK
Asma merupakan penyakit kronis yang memberikan beban berat terhadap pasien, bertanggung jawab atas pengeluaran biaya yang tinggi dalam perawatan kesehatan dan dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui biaya medik langsung pasien asma rawat jalan di RSUD Dr. Agoesdjam Ketapang dan komponen biaya apa yang dominan, nilai utilitas, serta faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi nilai utilitas dan biaya medik langsung pasien asma. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara concurent dan retrospektif. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu catatan rekam medik, daftar biaya keuangan dan farmasi untuk melihat biaya medik langsung, kuesioner EQ-5D-5L digunakan untuk melihat nilai utilitas pasien asma, dan kuesioner Asthma Control Test (ACT). Subyek penelitian berjumlah 80 pasien. Pengolahan data meliputi data demografi pasien, skor ACT, komorbid, pola terapi, biaya medik langsung dan utilitas yang dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besar biaya medik langsung pasien asma rawat jalan sebesar Rp. 19.493.603,00 dengan rata-rata besar biaya medik langsung pasien asma adalah Rp.243.670,00. Komponen biaya tertinggi adalah biaya farmasi Rp 16.493.603,00 (84,61%). Nilai rata-rata utilitas adalah 0,65, sedangkan nilai p yang signifikan untuk masing-masing faktor adalah jenis kelamin = 0,028, pendidikan = 0,010, tingkat kontrol asma yang bedasarkan skor ACT = 0,000 dan pola terapi =0,000. Disimpulkan bahwa faktor yang memengaruhi utilitas pasien adalah jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan tingkat kontrol asma; sedangkan faktor bagi biaya medik adalah pola terapi.
Kata kunci: biaya medik langsung; asma; utilitas
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf.v14i0.3121
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