Penanganan Masalah Ketidakefektifan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Pasien Skizofrenia Melalui Acceptance and Commitment Therapy dengan Pendekatan Self-Transcendence Theory

Abstract

Relapse is still a major problem in schizophrenia patients, so they require appropriate mental health services that are effective and efficient. This study aimed to prevent relapse by treating ineffective health maintenance using acceptance and commitment therapy with a self-transcendence theory approach. This study was a case series for managing ineffective health care using specialist acceptance and commitment therapy with a self-transcendence theory approach in the Utari Room at RSJ Dr. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor. This study involved 20 managed patients. The instruments used in this study were instruments for identifying signs and symptoms of ineffective health maintenance, instruments measuring the ability to ineffective health maintenance issued by the Department of Mental Nursing, FIK UI, Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS) instruments and instruments measuring adherence to taking medication. The measurement results were then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed a decrease in signs and symptoms of ineffective health maintenance as well as an increase in the ability of patients with ineffective health maintenance after implementing therapy. It was concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy can be used with a self-transcendence theory approach to prevent relapse by treating the problem of ineffective health maintenance.

Keywords: schizophrenia; relapse; ineffectiveness of health maintenance; acceptance and commitment therapy; self-transcendence theory

ABSTRAK

Kekambuhan masih menjadi masalah utama pada pasien skizofrenia sehingga membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa yang tepat serta efektif dan efisien. Studi ini bertujuan sebagai tindakan pencegahan kekambuhan melalui penanganan ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan menggunakan acceptance and commitment therapy dengan pendekatan self-transcendence theory. Studi ini merupakan case series penatalaksanaan ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan menggunakan terapi spesialis acceptance and commitment therapy dengan pendekatan self-transcendence theory di Ruang Utari RSJ Dr. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor. Studi ini melibatkan 20 pasien kelolaan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam studi ini instrumen identifikasi tanda dan gejala ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan, instrumen pengukuran kemampuan ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan yang dikeluarkan oleh Departemen Keperawatan Jiwa FIK UI, instrumen Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS) dan instrumen pengukuran kepatuhan minum obat. Hasil pengukuran selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil studi menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan tanda dan gejala ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan serta peningkatan kemampuan pasien dengan ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan setelah pelaksanaan terapi. Disimpulkan bahwa acceptance and commitment therapy dapat digunakan dengan pendekatan self-transcendence theory untuk pencegahan kekambuhan melalui penanganan masalah ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan.

Kata kunci: skizofrenia; kekambuhan; ketidakefektifan pemeliharaan kesehatan; acceptance and commitment therapy; self-transcendence theory