Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching untuk Menurunkan Nyeri dan Meningkatkan Lingkup Gerak Sendi Penderita Osteoarthritis Lutut

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a progressive musculoskeletal condition that most often affects joints, especially the knee as the dominant weight-bearing joint. Pain is the main problem in knee osteoarthritis which causes quadriceps and hamstring muscle spasms, and reduces joint range of motion. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques have been reported to have a positive effect in reducing pain and muscle spasms, but its effect on joint range of motion is unclear. Therefore, research was needed that aimed to analyze the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching to reduce pain and increase joint range of motion in knee osteoarthritis. This study used a one group pretest and posttest design conducted at Pandan Arang Hospital, Boyolali. A total of 19 patients with knee osteoarthritis participated in this study, through a purposive sampling technique. The level of pain was measured using a numeric rating scale, while the range of joint motion was measured using a goniometer. The differences in pain levels and range of motion between before and after treatment were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that there was a p value for the level of pain, flexion joint range of motion and extension joint range of motion, each of which was 0.001; which means there is a difference in the three variables before and after treatment. Thus it could be concluded that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching is effective in reducing pain and increasing the range of motion of the joints of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Keywords: knee osteoarthritis; proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching; pain; range of motion of the joints

ABSTRAK

Osteoartritis adalah kondisi muskuloskeletal progresif yang paling sering menyerang sendi terutama menyerang lutut sebagai sendi penahan beban yang dominan. Nyeri adalah masalah utama pada osteoartritis lutut yang menyebabkan spasme otot quadriceps dan hamstring, serta menurunkan lingkup gerak sendi. Teknik proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching dilaporkan memberikan efek positif dalam mengurangi nyeri dan spasme otot, tetapi belum jelas efeknya terhadap lingkup gerak sendi. Maka diperlukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas pengaruh proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching untuk mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan lingkup gerak sendi pada osteoarthritis lutut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group pretest and posttest yang dilakukan di RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali. Sebanyak 19 pasien dengan osteoartritis lutut berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, melalui teknik purposive sampling. Tingkat nyeri diukur menggunakan numeric rating scale, sedangkan lingkup gerak sendi diukur menggunakan goniometer. Perbedaan tingkat nyeri dan lingkup gerak sendiri antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada nilai p untuk tingkat nyeri, lingkup gerak sendi fleksi dan lingkup gerak sendi ekstensi masing-masing adalah 0,001; yang berarti ada perbedaan ketiga variabel antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan. Dengan demikian bisa disimpulkan bahwa proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching efektif untuk mengurangi nyeri dan meningkatkan lingkung gerak sendi pasien dengan osteoartritis lutut.

Kata kunci: osteoarthritis lutut; proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching; nyeri; lingkup gerak sendi