Edukasi Online untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Penerapan Diet Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Abstract

During the Covid-19 pandemic, diabetes mellitus is the second most common comorbid case and causes 3 times more deaths. One of the pillars of controlling diabetes mellitus is education. Education cannot be provided conventionally, so new education is needed with online methods. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of online education to improve compliance with the implementation of the diabetes mellitus diet during the pandemic. The design of this study was one group pretest and posttest, involving 37 research subjects. The measuring instrument for compliance with the implementation of the diet (carbohydrate intake and types of simple carbohydrates) was the SQ-FFQ questionnaire and the distance between meal times used the meal schedule questionnaire, and age, gender, income and duration of diabetes mellitus used the respondent identity questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon and Chi-square. The results showed that there was a significant effect of online education on compliance with the implementation of the diet (carbohydrate intake and distance between meal times) (p <0.05), but did not significantly affect the types of simple carbohydrates (p> 0.05). Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that online education can improve compliance with diet implementation by reducing the amount of carbohydrate intake and regulating the distance between meal times.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; compliance with diet implementation; online education

ABSTRAK

Dalam masa pandemi Covid-19, diabetes melitus merupakan kasus komorbid terbanyak kedua dan menyebabkan kematian 3 kali lipat. Salah satu pilar pengendalian diabetes melitus yaitu edukasi. Pemberian edukasi tidak bisa dilakukan secara konvensional maka diperlukan edukasi baru dengan metode online. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas edukasi online untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan penerapan diet penderita diabetes melitus di masa pandemi. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah one group pretest and posttest, yang melibatkan 37 subjek penelitian. Alat ukur kepatuhan penerapan diet (asupan karbohidrat dan jenis karbohidrat sederhana) adalah kuesioner SQ-FFQ dan jarak antara waktu makanan yang digunakan kuesioner jadwal makan, dan usia, jenis kelamin, pendapatan dan serta lama menderita diabetes melitus menggunakan kuesioner identitas responden. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan Paired samples t-test atau Wilcoxon dan Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh edukasi online terhadap kepatuhan penerapan diet (asupan karbohidrat dan jarak antara waktu makan) secara signifikan (p<0,05), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap jenis karbohidrat sederhana secara signifikan (p>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa edukasi online dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan penerapkan diet dengan mengurangi jumlah asupan karbohidrat dan mengatur jarak antara waktu makan.

Kata kunci: diabetes melitus; kepatuhan penerapan diet; edukasi online