Paparan Boraks pada Produk Makanan Kerupuk di Industri Rumah Tangga (Studi Karakteristik dan Risiko Pajanan)
Abstract
Access to safe food is important for health, but food poisoning remains a major problem. In Indonesia, popular crackers often contain dangerous borax. Although cracker products have been licensed, this does not guarantee safety from hazardous materials such as borax. The purpose of this study was to identify and measure the levels of borax in crackers, calculate the Risk Quotient (RQ) value in cracker products containing borax, and analyze the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) value in crackers exposed to borax in Jember Regency. This study filled the gap by focusing on the risk of borax exposure in crackers through an environmental health risk analysis method, using a quantitative approach. The study sample consisted of 35 crackers produced by home industries that potentially contain borax. Borax levels were measured using two tests, namely the turmeric test (qualitative) and the photometer (quantitative). Based on the results of qualitative and quantitative tests on cracker samples, it was found that 7 samples contained borax. The RQ value showed that cracker 1 had a value of 2.82 and cracker 2 was 4.26, both exceeding the threshold of 1, so that consumers are at risk of experiencing non-carcinogenic diseases. Meanwhile, the ECR value for cracker 1 was 0.03 and for cracker 2 was 0.04 which exceeds the limit of 0.0001, indicating the potential risk of carcinogenic diseases. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there is a potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk from crackers containing borax.
Keywords: crackers; borax; excess cancer risk; risk quotient
ABSTRAK
Akses makanan aman penting untuk kesehatan, namun keracunan makanan tetap menjadi masalah besar. Di Indonesia, kerupuk yang populer sering mengandung boraks yang berbahaya. Meskipun produk kerupuk te;ah berizin, namun ini belum menjamin keamanan dari bahan berbahaya seperti boraks. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur kadar boraks pada kerupuk, menghitung nilai Risk Quotient (RQ) pada produk kerupuk yang mengandung boraks, serta menganalisis nilai Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) pada kerupuk yang terpapar boraks di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini mengisi kesenjangan dengan fokus pada risiko pajanan boraks pada kerupuk melalui metode analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan, menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari kerupuk yang diproduksi oleh industri rumah tangga yang berpotensi mengandung boraks. Kadar boraks diukur menggunakan dua uji, yaitu uji turmerik (kualitatif) dan fotometer (kuantitatif). Berdasarkan hasil uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif terhadap 35 sampel kerupuk, ditemukan bahwa 7 sampel mengandung boraks. Nilai RQ menunjukkan bahwa kerupuk 1 memiliki nilai 2,82 dan kerupuk 2 adalah 4,26, keduanya melebihi ambang batas 1, sehingga konsumen berisiko mengalami penyakit non-karsinogenik. Sementara itu, nilai ECR pada kerupuk 1 adalah 0,03 dan pada kerupuk 2 sebesar 0,04 yang melampui batas 0,0001, menandakan potensi risiko penyakit karsinogenik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ada potensi risiko karsinogenik dan non-karsionogenik dari kerupuk yang mengandung boraks.
Kata kunci: kerupuk; boraks; excess cancer risk; risk quotient
Full Text:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf15442
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