Diet Rendah Indeks Glikemik untuk Menurunkan Kadar Advance Glycation End Products (AGEs) pada Tikus Model Diabetes Melitus

Abstract

A low glycemic index diet is recommended for people with diabetes mellitus because it can inhibit the increase in blood sugar levels and improve the reproductive system in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a low glycemic index diet on Advanced Glycation End Products in rats as a model of diabetes mellitus. This study used a posttest only design with a control group. The sample was 32 female Rattus norvegicus, which were divided into negative control groups, positive control groups, treatment 1 and treatment 2. Low glycemic index diet products were made with different compositions to be given to the treatment groups. Making food with a low glycemic index with a comparison of the composition of ingredients to be given to treatment group 1 (P1) namely 30% cornstarch; 30% duck egg white; 30% duck egg yolk and treatment 2 (P2) namely 50% cornstarch; 30% duck egg white; 20% duck egg yolk. Data analysis was carried out using the One Way ANOVA test. The results of the analysis showed that the p value was 0.041, so it was interpreted that there was a difference in Advanced Glycation End Products between sample groups. It was further concluded that a low-glycemic index diet can improve Advanced Glycation End Products through the inflammatory pathway and may be a potential therapeutic modality for lowering glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; Advanced Glycation End Products; low-glycemic index diet

ABSTRAK

Diet rendah indeks glikemik disarankan untuk penderita diabetes mellitus karena dapat menghambat peningkatan kadar gula darah dan memperbaiki sistem reproduksi pada wanita usia subur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh diet rendah indeks glikemik terhadap Advanced Glycation End Products pada tikus model diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain posttest only with control group. Sampel adalah 32 Rattus norvegicus betina, yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, perlakuan 1 dan perlakuan 2. Produk diet rendah indeks glikemik dibuat dengan komposisi berbeda untuk diberikan pada kelompok perlakuan. Pembuatan makanan dengan indeks glikemik rendah dengan perbandingan komposisi bahan untuk diberikan pada kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) yaitu 30% tepung maizena; 30% putih telur bebek; 30% kuning telur bebek dan perlakuan 2 (P2) yaitu 50% tepung maizena;30% putih telur bebek; 20% kuning telur bebek. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji One Way ANOVA. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai p adalah 0,041, sehingga ditafsirkan bahwa ada perbedaan Advanced Glycation End Products antar kelompok sampel. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa diet rendah indek glikemik dapat memperbaiki Advanced Gluycation End Products melalui jalur inflamasi, serta dapat dimungkinkan sebagai modalitas terapi untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa pada penderita diabetes melitus.

Kata kunci: diabetes melitus; Advanced Glycation End Products; diet rendah indek glikemik