Ekstrak Pare Belut (Trichosanthes cucumerina) Berpotensi Sebagai Antibakteri bagi Salmonella thypi dan Bacillus cereus
Abstract
Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and small intestine that can be caused by bacteria such as Salmonella thypi and Bacillus cereus. Currently, bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, but inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause several problems such as resistance, so traditional medicine becomes an alternative. One of the traditional ingredients is eel bitter melon (Trichosanthes cucumerina) which contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids, which act as antibacterials and digestive drugs. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of eel bitter melon extract against Salmonella thypi and Bacillus cereus bacteria. This research was an experimental study using the Kirby-Bauer method to determine the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone. The researchers created five groups: a positive control with ciprofloxacin, a negative control with distilled water, and bitter melon extract at 12.5%, 25%, and 50%. The bacterial growth inhibition zone was examined in each group. Data from the inhibition zone examination were then compared using the Kruskal Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed a p-value of less than 0.05, so it was interpreted that statistically, there was a difference in the inhibition zone between extract concentrations. Observations showed that the 50% extract concentration had a larger inhibitory diameter than the 12.5% and 25% concentrations, with an average inhibitory diameter of 10.6 mm for Salmonella thypi and 15 mm for Bacillus cereus. It was further concluded that bitter melon extract has potential as an antibacterial agent against Salmonella thypi and Bacillus cereus, especially at high concentrations.
Keywords: Trichosanthes cucumerina; Salmonella thypi; Bacillus cereus
ABSTRAK
Gastroenteritis merupakan peradangan pada lambung dan usus kecil yang dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri seperti Salmonella thypi dan Bacillus cereus. Saat ini, infeksi bakteri diobati dengan antibiotik, namun penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan beberapa permasalahan seperti resistensi, sehingga pengobatan tradisional menjadi alternatif. Salah satu bahan tradisional adalah pare belut (Trichosanthes cucumerina) yang mengandung senyawa alkaloid, tannin, saponin dan flavonoid, yang berperan sebagai antibakteri dan obat pencernaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak pare belut terhadap bakteri Salmonella thypi dan Bacillus cereus. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer untuk melihat diameter zona hambat bakteri. Peneliti membuat 5 kelompok yakni kontrol positif dengan Ciprofloxacin, kontrol negatif dengan aquades, ekstrak pare belut 12,5%, 25% dan 50%. Pada masing-masing kelompok dilakukan pemeriksaan zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Data hasil pemeriksaan zona hambat selanjutnya dibandingkan menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai p kurang dari 0,05, sehingga ditafsirkan bahwa secara statistik, ada perbedaan zona ahambar antar konsentrasi ekstrak. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak 50% memiliki diameter hambat lebih besar dibandingkan konsentrasi 12,5% dan 25% dengan rerata diameter hambat 10,6 mm pada bakteri Salmonella thypi dan 15 mm pada bakteri Bacillus cereus. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak pare belut memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri terhadap Salmonella thypi dan Bacillus cereus, terutama pada konsentrasi tinggi.
Kata kunci: Trichosanthes cucumerina; Salmonella thypi; Bacillus cereus
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf16300o
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