Metode Persalinan, Berat Badan Lahir dan Refleks Primitif Pada Kemampuan Motorik Anak Usia Dini

Abstract

Primitive reflexes are involuntary and stereotypical movements that are controlled by the brainstem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the method of delivery, birth weight and active primitive reflexes on motor skills in early childhood. The population in this study were early childhood (4-5 years) who had no history or record of being children with special needs who came to Posyandu in Pondok Kacang Timur sub-district, Pondok Aren District, South Tangerang City, Banten Province. The sample was 106 children selected using accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through document study and direct examination, then analyzed using ordinal regression tests. The results of the analysis showed that the p-value for the analysis of the effect for each pair of variables was as follows: method of delivery for gross motor skills = 0.418, method of delivery for fine motor skills = 0.624, birth weight for gross motor skills = 0.031, birth weight for fine motor skills = 0.034, Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex for gross motor = 0.049, Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex for fine motor = 0.065, Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex for gross motor = 0.792, Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex for fine motor = 0.362, Tonic Labyrinth Reflex for gross motor = 0.046, Tonic Labyrinth Reflex on fine motor = 0.021, simultaneous effect on gross motor = 0.000 and simultaneous effect on fine motor = 0.001. It was concluded that there was an influence between birth weight, Asymetric Tonic Neck Reflex and Tonic Labyrinth Reflex on the motor skills of early childhood.

Keywords: child; motor skills; birth weight; primitive reflex

ABSTRAK

Refleks primitif merupakan gerakan involunter dan bersifat stereotipikal yang dikendalikan oleh batang otak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh metode persalinan, berat badan lahir dan refleks primitif yang aktif terhadap kemampuan motorik pada anak usia dini. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia dini (4-5 tahun) yang tidak memiliki riwayat atau catatan sebagai anak berkebutuhan khusus yang datang ke Posyandu di kelurahan Pondok Kacang Timur, Kecamatan Pondok Aren, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Propinsi Banten. Sampel adalah 106 anak yang dipilih menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen dan pemeriksaan langsung, lalu dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji regresi ordinal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai p untuk analisis pengaruh bagi setiap pasangan variabel adalah sebagai berikut: metode persalinan terhadap motorik kasar = 0,418, metode persalinan terhadap motorik halus = 0,624, berat badan lahir terhadap motorik kasar = 0,031, berat badan lahir terhadap motorik halus = 0,034, Asimetric Tonic Neck Reflex terhadap motorik kasar = 0,049, Asimetric Tonic Neck Reflex terhadap motorik halus = 0,065, Simetric Tonic Neck Reflex terhadap motorik kasar = 0,792, Simetric Tonic Neck Reflex terhadap motorik halus = 0,362, Tonic Labyrint Reflex terhadap motorik kasar = 0,046,  Tonic Labyrint Reflex terhadap motorik halus = 0,021, pengaruh simultan terhadap morik kasar = 0,000 dan pengaruh simultan terhadap motorik halus = 0,001. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara berat badan lahir, Asimetric Tonic Neck Reflex dan Tonic Labyrint Reflex terhadap kemampuan motorik anak usia dini.

Kata kunci: anak; kemampuan motorik; berat badan lahir; refleks primitif