Obesitas Pra Kehamilan sebagai Determinan Utama Berat Badan Ibu Hamil di Aceh Barat

Abstract

Maternal weight gain during pregnancy indicates physiological and somatic changes that are very important in fetal development and growth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the socioeconomic significance as a determinant of maternal weight in West Aceh Regency. This study used a cross-sectional approach, involving 196 mothers who had just given birth at a community health center in West Aceh Regency. Data were obtained from questionnaires and records in secondary data. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression tests. The results of the analysis showed that socioeconomic factors related to maternal weight were pregnancy occupation (OR = 2.11, p = 0.031). Maternal factors related to maternal weight were multigravida (OR = 1.94, p = 0.045), grandemultigravida (OR = 7.47, p = 0.007), overweight before pregnancy (OR = 2.07, p = 0.028), obesity before pregnancy (OR = 6.97, p = 0.001). The conclusion of this study states that obesity before pregnancy have the greatest influence on maternal weight gain during pregnancy.

Keywords: weight gain during pregnancy; socioeconomic status; maternal; antenatal care

ABSTRAK

Bertambahnya berat badan ibu selama hamil menandakan perubahan fisiologis dan somatik yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan dan pertumbuhan janin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis signifikansi sosial ekonomi sebagai determinan dengan berat badan ibu hamil di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional, yang melibatkan 196 ibu yang baru melahirkan di puskesmas yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Data didapatkan dari kuesioner dan catatan dalam data sekunder. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosial ekonomi yang berhubungan dengan berat badan ibu hamil yaitu pekerjaan hamil (OR = 2,11, p = 0,031). Faktor maternal yang berhubungan dengan berat badan ibu hamil yaitu multigravida (OR = 1,94, p = 0,045), grandemultigravida (OR = 7,47, p = 0,007), overweight sebelum hamil (OR = 2,07, p = 0,028), obesitas sebelum hamil (OR = 6,97, p = 0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa obesitas sebelum hamil paling berpengaruh terhadap kenaikan berat badan ibu saat hamil dibandingkan variabel lain.

Kata kunci: berat badan saat hamil; sosial ekonomi; maternal; antenatal care