Strategi Penemuan Kasus Tuberkulosis Paru yang Efisien: Tinjauan Efektivitas Biaya di Kabupaten Jember

Adhittana Ganes Denisa, Sugiyanta Sugiyanta, Sunarto Sunarto

Abstract


Active case finding through contact investigation and screening of at-risk groups is an important strategy in supporting the elimination of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, resource limitations require an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of each approach to ensure efficient budget utilization. The purpose of this study was to identify the Active Case Finding program with contact investigation, at-risk groups, costs, cost-effectiveness, and analyze the relationship between the budget amount and the Case Detection Rate achievement for pulmonary tuberculosis in Jember Regency. This study used a quantitative approach in the form of health economic analysis through the Cost Effectiveness Analysis method. Secondary data were obtained from tuberculosis program reports in 50 community health centers in 2024. The Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the budget and the Case Detection Rate achievement. The results showed that the contact investigation method resulted in 103 tuberculosis cases with a budget of Rp. 1,154,212,608, while the at-risk group screening method identified 3,225 cases with a budget of Rp. 7,992,292,308. The Cost Effectiveness Analysis showed that the cost per case in contact investigation was Rp. 11,205,947, while screening for at-risk groups only costs Rp. 5,858,905, making screening at-risk groups 4.5 times more efficient. The analysis shows a correlation between the size of the screening budget and the achieved Case Detection Rate (p = 0.019). This result indicates that the larger the budget allocation, the higher the achieved Case Detection Rate. Therefore, it can be concluded that screening at-risk groups is a more cost-effective method of detecting tuberculosis cases than contact investigation, and adequate budget allocation directly contributes to increasing the Case Detection Rate for pulmonary tuberculosis in Jember Regency.

Keywords: tuberculosis; contact investigation; screening at-risk groups; cost-effectiveness analysis; case detection rate

 

ABSTRAK

 

Penemuan kasus secara aktif melalui investigasi kontak dan skrining kelompok berisiko merupakan strategi penting dalam mendukung eliminasi tuberkulosis paru. Namun, keterbatasan sumber daya menuntut evaluasi efektivitas biaya dari masing-masing pendekatan untuk memastikan pemanfaatan anggaran yang efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi program Active Case Finding dengan investigasi kontak, kelompok berisiko, biaya, efektifitas biaya, serta menganalisis hubungan antara besaran anggaran dengan capaian Case Detection Rate untuk tuberkulosis paru di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berupa analisis ekonomi kesehatan melalui metode Cost Effectiveness Analysis. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan program tuberkulosis di 50 puskesmas pada tahun 2024. Uji korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk memastikan hubungan antara anggaran dan capaian Case Detection Rate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode investigasi kontak menghasilkan 103 kasus tuberkulosis dengan anggaran Rp. 1.154.212.608, sedangkan metode skrining kelompok berisiko mengidentifikasi 3.225 kasus dengan anggaran Rp. 7.992.292.308. Cost Effectiveness Analysis menunjukkan bahwa biaya per kasus pada investigasi kontak adalah Rp. 11.205.947, sedangkan pada skrining kelompok berisiko hanya Rp. 5.858.905, yang menjadikan skrining kelompok berisiko 4,5 kali lebih efisien. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara besaran anggaran skrining dan capaian Case Detection Rate (p = 0,019). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar alokasi anggaran, semakin tinggi capaian Case Detection Rate yang diperoleh. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa skrining kelompok berisiko merupakan metode penemuan kasus tuberkulosis yang lebih cost-effective dibanding investigasi kontak, dan alokasi anggaran yang memadai berkontribusi langsung terhadap peningkatan capaian Case Detection Rate tuberkulosis paru di Kabupaten Jember.

Kata kunci: tuberkulosis; investigasi kontak; skrining kelompok berisiko; cost effectiveness analysis; case detection rate

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf16223

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